Background of the Maltese Lira
The Maltese lire became the national currency of Malta in 1983, when it replaced the Maltese pound. The currency’s British heritage is primarily responsible for the preservation of the pound symbol (£) on a local basis, though the “LM” symbol is more frequently used on an international basis. The plural of lira is “liri.”
Malta is a member of the European Union, but has yet to satisfy the rigorous criteria for converting its national currency to the euro. In the meantime, the valuation of the lira is controlled by the Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) II, whereby EU1 = LM0.4239 +/- 15%. Prior to entering the ERM, the exchange rate for the lira was pegged to a basket of currencies consisting of the euro, the British pound sterling and the U.S. dollar, which helped to keep inflation under control. EU membership has also led to Malta’s elimination of import levies on most industrial products, greatly reducing the government’s protectionist stance on trade matters.
The lira is divided into 100 cents. Denominations for coins are 1c, 2c, 5c, 10c, 25c, 50c, and LM1. Denominations for banknotes are LM2, LM5, LM10, and LM20.